{"id":233711,"date":"2014-10-27T16:33:10","date_gmt":"2014-10-27T16:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/?page_id=233711"},"modified":"2025-10-28T11:07:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T11:07:35","slug":"securing-bgp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/deploy360\/securing-bgp\/","title":{"rendered":"Securing BGP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-uagb-columns uagb-columns__wrap uagb-columns__background-image uagb-columns__stack-mobile uagb-columns__valign- uagb-columns__gap-10 align uagb-block-2dd1a906 uagb-columns__columns-1 uagb-columns__max_width-theme background-image-fallback-black\"><div class=\"uagb-columns__overlay\"><\/div><div class=\"uagb-columns__inner-wrap uagb-columns__columns-1\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-column uagb-column__wrap uagb-column__background-undefined uagb-block-b09c46e5\"><div class=\"uagb-column__overlay\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-neutral-white-color has-text-color has-18-font-size\"><a href=\"\/deploy360\/\">Internet Technologies<\/a> &gt; Securing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-neutral-white-color has-text-color\">Securing Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-accent-purple-color has-text-color has-32-font-size\">The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol used throughout the Internet to exchange routing information between networks.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">It is the language spoken by routers on the Internet to determine how packets can be sent from one router to another to reach their final destination. BGP has worked extremely well and continues to the be protocol that makes the Internet work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">The challenge with BGP is that the protocol does not directly include security mechanisms and is based largely on trust between network operators that they will secure their systems correctly and not send incorrect data. Mistakes happen, though, and problems could arise if malicious attackers were to try to affect the routing tables used by BGP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">Here, we hope to provide the information that network operators need to understand to secure their routers and ensure that they are doing their part for the security and resiliency of the overall Internet routing infrastructure. We are not focused on a specific approach but rather outlining the different approaches and tools that are available to help secure your routing systems.&nbsp;A great document to understand our overall focus with this section is RFC 7454, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7454\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>BGP Operations and Security<\/em><\/a>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-32-font-size\">Basics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul style=\"color:#1d69d3\" class=\"wp-block-list has-text-color has-18-font-size\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7454\">RFC7454<\/a>: BGP Operations and Security<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NIST:&nbsp;<em><a href=\"http:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/publications\/nistpubs\/800-54\/SP800-54.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Special Publication SP 800-54 \u2013 Border Gateway Protocol Security<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internet Society:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cfdev3.internetsociety.org\/routing-security-report-3rd-internet-society-operator-roundtable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Routing Security: Report on 3rd Internet Society Operator Roundtable<\/em><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc4271\">RFC 4271<\/a>: background information on BGP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-32-font-size\">PKIs and CAs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">There are several commonly used mechanisms for supporting secure and private communication, transaction protection and identity assertion and management. These include the so-called Internet PKI commonly used for secure web browsing but which can be used for other applications, PKI for e-mail, RPKI used by Regional Internet Registries to assert the holders of IP resources, and DNSSEC that can be used to validate DNS queries. DANE is a new protocol that uses DNSSEC to allow owners to assert their own digital&nbsp;certificates,&nbsp;and therefore potentially incorporate the functionality of the Internet PKI into the global DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">This&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cfdev3.internetsociety.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Networks-Trust-Introduction-to-PKIs-and-CAs-1.pdf\">Introduction to PKIs &amp; CAs<\/a>&nbsp;provides an overview&nbsp;of how these mechanisms work and how they are deployed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">You may also want to read through&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/cfdev3.internetsociety.org\/deploy360\/securing-bgp\/reports\/\">the various reports available about securing BGP<\/a>&nbsp;and explore the work happening in the IETF within&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/datatracker.ietf.org\/wg\/sidr\/charter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Secure Inter-Domain Routing (SIDR) working group<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-18-font-size\">Follow&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manrs.org\/news\/\">MANRS blog<\/a>&nbsp;for more information on BGP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns margin-bottom-0 has-neutral-white-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-depth-teal-color has-text-color\" id=\"how-the-ndss-symposium-helps-to-strengthen-the-internet\">News <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-post-grid uagb-post-grid  uagb-post__image-position-top uagb-post__image-disabled uagb-block-2b35f4bb     uagb-post__items uagb-post__columns-3 is-grid uagb-post__columns-tablet-2 uagb-post__columns-mobile-1 uagb-post__equal-height\" data-total=\"10\" style=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2024\/04\/the-us-fcc-signals-a-dangerous-new-course-on-bgp-security\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">The US FCC Signals a Dangerous New Course on BGP Security<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2024-04-18T16:28:25+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t18 April 2024\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2019\/12\/claudio-jeker-honored-by-internet-security-research-group-with-radiant-award\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Claudio Jeker Honored by Internet Security Research Group with Radiant Award<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2019-12-11T16:21:55+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t11 December 2019\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2019\/03\/internet-resilience-discussions-at-ietf-104\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Internet Resilience Discussions at IETF 104<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2019-03-22T09:09:55+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t22 March 2019\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2019\/02\/apnic-enhances-support-for-routing-security\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">RIRs Enhance Support for Routing Security<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2019-02-25T05:49:00+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t25 February 2019\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2019\/02\/good-bgp-neighbours-apricot-2019\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Developing Good BGP Neighbour Relationships @ APRICOT 2019<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2019-02-22T02:00:12+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t22 February 2019\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/blog\/2018\/11\/route-leak-caused-a-major-google-outage\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Route Leak Causes Major Google Outage<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2018-11-15T18:00:48+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t15 November 2018\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-post-pagination-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span aria-current=\"page\" class=\"page-numbers current\">1<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/2\/\">2<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/3\/\">3<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/4\/\">4<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/5\/\">5<\/a>\n<span class=\"page-numbers dots\">&hellip;<\/span>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/7\/\">7<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/8\/\">8<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/9\/\">9<\/a>\n<a class=\"page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/10\/\">10<\/a>\n<a class=\"next page-numbers\" href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/233711\/page\/2\/\">\u00bb<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-depth-teal-color has-text-color\" id=\"how-the-ndss-symposium-helps-to-strengthen-the-internet\">Resources<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-post-grid uagb-post-grid  uagb-post__image-position-top uagb-post__image-disabled uagb-block-1fa83263     uagb-post__items uagb-post__columns-3 is-grid uagb-post__columns-tablet-2 uagb-post__columns-mobile-1 uagb-post__equal-height\" data-total=\"1\" style=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/resources\/deploy360\/2014\/resource-public-key-infrastructure-rpki\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2014-06-13T14:37:23+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t13 June 2014\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"uagb-post__inner-wrap\">\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"uagb-post__title uagb-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/resources\/doc\/2013\/bgp-configuration-for-ixps\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"bookmark noopener noreferrer\">BGP Configuration for IXPs<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='uagb-post__text uagb-post-grid-byline'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time datetime=\"2013-12-04T00:00:00+00:00\" class=\"uagb-post__date\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons-calendar dashicons\"><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t4 December 2013\t\t\t\t<\/time>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"uagb-post-pagination-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-not-stacked-on-mobile margin-bottom-0 has-neutral-green-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-depth-teal-color has-text-color\">Did you find this resource helpful? By donating any amount, you help fund more research and content like this.<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-499968f5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button animated fadeIn is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-depth-teal-color has-text-color wp-element-button\" href=\"\/donate\/\"><strong>\u2665 Donate<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn the basics of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and discover different tools and approaches to help secure your routing 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